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QUESTION 181 Which of the following statements describes a converged spanning-tree network?
A. All switch and bridge ports are in the forwarding state.
B. All switch and bridge ports are in the stand-by state.
C. All switch and bridge ports are assigned as either root or designated ports.
D. All switch and bridge ports are in either the forwarding or blocking state.
E. All switch and bridge are either blocking or looping. Answer: D Explanation:
In the above figure, after the network has converged, spanning tree protocol puts each port either in designated (Forwarding) or Non-designated (Blocking) state. So, Choice C is correct.
QUESTION 182 You are a network administrator at Cisco Highway. To routers on the Cisco Highway network, router CK1 and router CK2 are configured to run OSPF. However, the two routers cannot establish an adjacency relationship on their common Ethernet link. In troubleshooting this problem you issue the show ip ospf interface e0 command for routers CK1 and CK2. The output from the command is shown in the following exhibit: **MISSING** Based on the exhibit, what is the probable cause of this problem?
A. The OSPF area is misconfigured.
B. The priority on CK2 should be set lower.
C. The cost on CK2 should be set lower.
D. The hello and dead timers are misconfigured.
E. You need to add a backup designated router to the network.
F. The OSPF process ID numbers do not match. Answer: F Explanation: Lab_A(config)#router ospf ? <1-65535> A value in the range 1-65535 identifies the OSPF Process ID. It's a unique number on this router that groups a series of OSPF configuration commands under a specific running process. Different OSPF routers don't have the use of the same Process ID in order to communicate. Its purely a local value that essentially has little meaning. You can have more than one OSPF process running simultaneously on the same router if you want, but this isn't the same as running multi-area OSPF. The second process maintains an entirely separate copy of its topology table and manages its communications independently of the first process.
QUESTION 183 You are the network administrator at Cisco Highway. Your newly appointed Cisco Highway trainee wants to know what VLAN frame encapsulation types may be configured on a Catalyst switch. What will your reply be? (Choose two.)
A. VTP
B. ISL
C. CDP
D. 802.1Q
E. 802.1p
F. LLC Answer: B, D Explanation: Trunks are used to carry traffic belonging to multiple VLANs between devices over the same link. A device can determine which VLAN the traffic belongs to by its VLAN identifier. The VLAN identifier is a tag that is encapsulated with the data. ISL and 802.1q are two types of encapsulations used to carry data from multiple VLANs over trunk Links. ISL is a Cisco proprietary protocol for interconnecting multiple switches and maintaining VLAN information as traffic goes between switches. ISL provides VLAN trunking capabilities while maintaining full wire speed performance on Ethernet Links in full-duplex or half-duplex mode. ISL operates in a point-to-point environment and will support up to 1000 VLANs. In ISL, the original frame is encapsulated and an additional header is added before the frame is carried over a trunk link. At the receiving end, the header is removed and the frame is forwarded to the assigned VLAN. .ISL uses Per VLAN Spanning Tree(PVST) which runs one instance of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) per VLAN. PVST allows to optimize root switch placement for each VLAN and supports load balancing of VLANs over multiple trunk Links. 802.1Q is the IEEE standard for tagging frames on a trunk and supports up to 4096 VLANs. In 802.1Q, the trunking device inserts a four-byte tag into the original frame and recomputes the Frame Check Sequence (FCS) before sending the frame over the trunk link. At the receiving end, the tag is removed and the frame is forwarded to the assigned VLAN. 802.1Q does not tag frames on the native VLAN. It tags all other frames transmitted and received on the trunk. While configuring 802.1 trunk, you must make sure that the same native VLAN is configured on both sides of the trunk. IEEE 802.1Q defines a single instance of spanning tree running on the native VLAN for all the VLANs in the network which is called Mono Spanning Tree (MST). This lacks the flexibility and load balancing capability of PVST available with ISL. However, PVST+ offers the capability to retain multiple Spanning Tree topologies with 802.1Q trunking. http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk389/tk390/technologies_tech_note09186a0080094665.shtml
QUESTION 184 You are the network administrator at Cisco Highway. Cisco Highway users report that they cannot access resources on the LAN attached to interface e0 of router CK1. You want to view the current IP addressing and the Layer 1 and Layer 2 status of this interface. Which of the following commands could you use? (Choose three.)
A. CK1# show version
B. CK1# show protocols
C. CK1# show interfaces
D. CK1# show controllers
E. CK1# show ip interface
F. CK1# show startup-config Answer: C, D, E Explanation: show interfaces is used to see the IP addresses and layer 2 information configured on the interfaces. show controllers is used to see the layer 1 statistics. It tells about the V.35 cables whether they are physically attached or not. show ip interfaces is used to see the IP addresses configured on the interfaces.
QUESTION 185 You are the network administrator at Cisco Highway. Your newly appointed Cisco Highway trainee wants to know which protocol uses both tcp and udp ports. What will your reply be?
A. FTP
B. SMTP
C. Telnet
D. DNS Answer: D Explanation: TCP and UDP must use port numbers to communicate with the upper layers. Port numbers keep track of different conversations crossing the network simultaneously. Originating-source port numbers are dynamically assigned by the source host, which will be some number starting at 1024. 1023 and below are defined in RFC 1700, which discusses what is called well-known port numbers. Virtual circuits that do not use an application with a well-known port number are assigned port numbers randomly chosen from within a specific range instead. These port numbers identify the source and destination host in the TCP segment. Figure 3.5 illustrates how both TCP and UDP use port numbers.
QUESTION 186 You are the network administrator at Cisco Highway. Your newly appointed Cisco Highway trainee wants to know what the default administrative distance of OSPF routing protocol is. What will your reply be?
A. 90
B. 100
C. 110
D. 120
E. 170 Answer: C Explanation: The administrative distance values are configured on a single router and are not exchanged with other routers. Table lists the various sources of routing information, along with the default administrative distance. Default Administrative Distances Route Type Administrative Distance Connected 0 Static 1 EIGRP summary route 5 EBGP 20 EIGRP (internal 90 IGRP 100 OSPF 110 IS-IS 115 RIP 120 EIGRP (external) 170 iBGP (external) 200
QUESTION 187 With regard to classless routing protocols, which of the following statements are true? (Choose two.)
A. Discontiguous subnets are not allowed.
B. Variable length subnet masks are allowed.
C. RIP v1 is a classless routing protocol.
D. IGRP supports classless routing within the same autonomous system.
E. RIP v2 supports classless routing. Answer: B, E Explanation: Classless and Classful Routing Protocols Some routing protocols must consider the Class A, B, or C network number that a subnet resides in when performing some of its tasks. Other routing protocols can ignore Class A, B, and C rules altogether. Routing protocols that must consider class rules are called classful routing protocols; those that do not need to consider class rules are called classless routing protocols. You can easily remember which routing protocols fall into each category because of one fact: Classful routing protocols do not transmit the mask information along with the subnet number, whereas classless routing protocols do transmit mask information. You might recall that routing protocols that support VLSM do so because they send mask information along with the routing information. Table 7-3 lists the routing protocols and whether they transmit mast information, support VLSM, and are classless or classful. Table 7-3 Interior IP Routing Protocol: Classless or Classful?
Reference: Pg.233
QUESTION 188 You are the network administrator at Cisco Highway. You must configure a router for load balancing across 4 unequal cost paths on the Cisco Highway network. Which of the following routing protocols can you use? (Choose two.)
A. RIP v1
B. RIP v2
C. IGRP
D. EIGRP
E. OSPF
F. VLSM Answer: C, D Explanation: In general, load balancing is the capability of a router to distribute traffic over all its network ports that are the same distance from the destination address. Load balancing increases the utilization of network segments, thus increasing effective network bandwidth. There are two types of load balancing: equal cost path and unequal cost path. Every routing protocol supports equal cost path load balancing. In addition to that, IGRP and EIGRP also support unequal cost path load balancing, which is known as variance. The variance command instructs the router to include routes with a metric less than n times the minimum metric route for that destination, where n is the number specified by the variance command. The variable n can take a value between 1 and 128, with the default being 1, which means equal cost load balancing (variance for example, Traffic is also distributed among the Links with unequal costs, proportionately, with respect to the metric. http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/tk207/technologies_tech_note09186a008009437d.shtml
QUESTION 189 You are the network administrator at Cisco Highway. You want to configure a default route to any destination network not found in the routing table on router CK1. Which of the following commands can you issue?
A. CK1(config)# ip default-route 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 s0
B. CK1(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 s0
C. CK1(config)# ip default-route 0.0.0.0 s0
D. CK1(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0
E. CK1(config)# ip route any e0 Answer: D Explanation: The ip default-network command and the ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 commands accomplish the goal of having the router use a known route as the default for packets that are not matched in the routing table. The ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 command uses the fact that network 0.0.0.0 is used by Cisco IOS software to represent the default network.
QUESTION 190 Which of the following routing protocols minimize the effects of the problems created by discontiguous networks? (Choose three.)
A. RIP v1
B. RIP v2
C. EIGRP
D. IGRP
E. OSPF
F. VLSM Answer: B, C, E Explanation: OSPF provides support for discontiguous networks, since every area has a collection of networks and OSPF attaches a mask to each advertisement. RIPv1 and IGRP are classful protocols. Whenever RIP advertises a network across a different major net boundary, RIP summarizes the advertised network at the major net boundary. http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/tk480/technologies_q_and_a_item09186a0080094704.shtml#q7
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